All of these events will cause an increase (shift to the right) in the demand for U.S. dollar real loanable funds EXCEPT:
a. A decrease in the U.S. real risk-free interest rate.
b. An increase in U.S. business investments.
c. An increase in U.S. government budget deficits.
d. An increase in foreign direct investments (e.g., building Greenfield plants) in the United States.
e. All the above increase the demand of real loanable funds.
.A
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If there is no Ricardo-Barro effect, the government
A) only affects the demand for loanable funds curve in the loanable funds market. B) has no effect because private saving changes to offset the effect that the government's budget deficit or surplus might otherwise have. C) plays no direct role in the loanable funds market because it doesn't affect either the demand for loanable funds or the supply of loanable funds. D) increases the supply of loanable funds if it has a budget surplus and shifts the supply of loanable funds curve. E) always has negative saving and therefore lowers the real interest rate.
If average total costs are $40 and average variable cost are $20 at 10 units of output and the marginal cost of the 11th unit is $30, what is the average total cost of 11 units?
a. $23.00 b. $20.09 c. $30.00 d. $39.09