In Chapter 2, we read about the disastrous consequences that can take place when conclusions are drawn solely on the basis of case studies
How does the alleged connection between autism and vaccinations illustrate the importance of the critical thinking guideline, "Don't Oversimplify," discussed in Chapter 1?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: A good answer will include the following key points.
? Theories must be based on empirical evidence.
? They should not be based on emotion, intuition, or appeal to authority.
? This directly corresponds with the guideline that critical thinkers should avoid emotional reasoning.
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Systematic desensitization, flooding, and aversion therapy are forms of psychodynamic therapies developed by successors of Sigmund Freud
a. true b. false
You see an advertisement for a method of learning a foreign language that seems simple--put on a tape and fall asleep. The accompanying description cites proof that you can learn while asleep. Being a good psychological detective,
what question would you ask about the offered proof? a) Did the individuals actually dream about the foreign language? b) What did the EEG indicate about the participants' level of sleep? c) Did the researchers use only long sleepers who would spend more time with the tapes? d) Were study breaks included in the tape to provide greater comprehension of the material?