Theme transformation is

a. a theme that has been turned upside down so an interval that originally ascended now
descends, and so forth
b. a theme from an absolute work of music that is used in a work of program music
c. another name for theme and variations
d. a rather short melodic pattern that is subject to changes in rhythm, harmony, and other
features
e. writing a theme or melody for a different instrument or voice

ANS: d.