Jaynie walks down stairs, alternating her feet. Jaynie is probably _____ year(s) old

A student studies more than his roommate for an upcoming test. A behaviorist would explain the difference in behavior between the roommates as a matter of

a. differences in level of motivation. b. willpower. c. motivational strength. d. differences in reinforcement histories.

A friend says that he is a restrained eater and is constantly dieting. At the same time, he seems to be gaining weight. If you research this apparent contradiction, you will learn that restrained eaters tend to gain weight because they

a. tend to use food as a way to compensate for their feelings of inadequacy. b. are more prone to suffering from stress and eat in order to relieve anxiety. c. will binge-eat when they lose their restraints. d. suffer from abnormally low metabolism.