The introduction of an unpleasant or painful stimulus, or the removal of a desirable stimulus that decreases the probability that a preceding behavior will occur in the future, is considered __________

________ is a potentially fatal condition specific to toddlerhood in which protein deficiency leads to varied symptoms such as swollen bellies, thinning hair, and lethargy

a. Marasmus b. Dysentery c. Sudden infant death syndrome d. Kwashiorkor

A well-designed research study with only one independent variable is ________ preferable to a poorly designed study with multiple independent variables

a) vastl b) somewhat c) equally d) not