Regarding stress, control, and competence, which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Direct control over the stressor increases the stress reaction.
b. Perceived control over the stressor increases the stress reaction.
c. A perceived lack of control is just as threatening as an actual lack of control.
d. Feeling competent is unimportant regarding the stress reaction.
ANSWER: c
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If a researcher uses a careful matching procedure in correlational research, why should we
still not draw conclusions about cause-and-effect relations between variables? a. The measures may be unreliable. b. A third variable influencing the relationship may have been missed. c. The sample may not be a representative one. d. Participants' expectations may interfere with their behavior. e. The Hawthorne effect may occur.
Four-year-old Shaunda took part in a research study that investigated the effects of fruit juice consumption on obesity in children. When the study was published in a research journal, Shaunda's name was used in the article. Which guideline of ethical research involving children was violated?
a. Parental participation was not obtained. b. Identities of children are to remain confidential. c. Children and parents must be informed of the purposes of the research. d. The researchers did not get proper approval for conducting the study.