In the run-up to the 1828 elections, a new party known as _____ grew up around John Quincy Adams.

How does your textbook characterize the relationship of Iran's clerics with its most sensitive ministries?

a. While the leaders of these ministries appear to be highly trained technocrats, they are fairly powerless individuals dependent on a powerful clergy. b. The clergy clearly dominates Iran's bureaucracy, with clerical members controlling not only the top cabinet positions but the clear majority of subordinate positions within them. c. The clergy is prevented from holding cabinet positions in these ministries, although they dominate and control the rest of Iran's ministries. d. Iran's clerics are confined to working for only these five ministries and they are clearly subordinate to the ministers of these cabinet departments. e. The clergy is not allowed to work in any of these ministries or the rest of Iran's bureaucracy.

_____ variables result in indirect causation between the dependent and independent variables.

a. Antecedent b. Intervening c. Dichotomous d. None of the above