Briefly discuss the pathophysiology and prevention of malaria.

What will be an ideal response?

The United Nations has recognized malaria as worthy of worldwide effort to decrease its increasing incidence and mortality. This serious infection that causes an acute, but preventable, febrile illness is caused by the parasite, Plasmodium. Worldwide, there are four species of this parasite that cause the disease, but there are two that are the most common: Plasmodium falciparum (the most deadly)and Plasmodium vivax. Transmission to humans is through the bite of the Anopheles mosquito. In the United States, about 1,500 cases of malaria are reported annually. The incubation period for malaria is 10-15 days. Initial symptoms are fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms. P. falciparum can progress to severe disease and death soon after if left untreated. In endemic areas, presentations such as anemia, respiratory symptoms, or cerebral malaria may occur. There are medications available that if taken before exposure will prevent malaria. For persons living in endemic areas, the primary method of prevention is vector (mosquito) control. This is generally accomplished by the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying with residual insecticides.