What is the effect of history? Provide an example of a study and how it could be affected by an external event.
What will be an ideal response?
History effect--a source of causal invalidity that occurs when something other than the treatment influences outcome scores; external events--a source of causal invalidity that occurs when events external to the study influence posttest scores; example--Asking Americans about their fear of terrorist attacks on U.S. soil and then September 11th happens, which in turn increased this fear.
You might also like to view...
If the United States received information about widespread genocide within a country, would U.S. foreign policy demand immediate involvement?
a. yes, because U.S. policy is to intervene immediately in countries in which genocide is taking place b. yes, because part of the United Nations requirements for membership is a willingness to stop genocide when it happens c. no, because the United States does not have a policy on dealing with genocide d. no, because the United States cannot act in that situation without NATO approval
Which two political parties are causing all of Germany's parties to begin engaging in grass-roots efforts to mobilize support from their rank-and-file members?
a. The German People' s Union and the Left Party b. The Christian Democrats and the Greens c. The Greens and the Left Party d. The Social Democratic Party and the Free Democratic Party e. The Communist Party and the National Democratic Party