In modeling and observational learning, reinforcement:
a. is required for any learning to occur.
b. is not always required for learning to occur.
c. must only occur vicariously.
d. must only be self-administered.
ANS: B
FEEDBACK: Bandura pointed out that although reinforcement can facilitate learning, reinforcement is not always required for learning to occur. Many factors other than the reward consequences of the behavior determine what we attend to, retain, and rehearse.
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Even if an observer has information about an actor's situation available, why might the observer still be likely to commit the fundamental attribution error?
a. People rely too much on the base rate heuristic. b. People tend to rely on stereotypes. c. It is difficult to know how an actor interprets a situation. d. People tend to rely on the availability and adjustment heuristic.
Females release about 500 eggs over the course of their reproductive life
A. True B. False