Which theory holds that individuals and states alike act according to the iron logic of self-interest?

According to Jeffrey Sachs, what is the main reason that foreign aid has failed to alleviate poverty in developing countries?

a. Alleviation of poverty can only be accomplished by domestic efforts. b. It is given to corrupt governments. c. It is not designed to alleviate poverty but to promote the donor’s interests. d. It is not given in sufficient amounts.

Individuals tend to interpret information in ways that reinforce what they already believe. Which term refers to this tendency?

A. critical thinking B. intuition C. confirmation bias D. straw man fallacy E. discrimination