Graham Allison's governmental politics model suggests that decisions are the result of
a. following only government established standard operating procedures.
b. instrumental rational calculations by governmental leaders, like expected utility.
c. cognitive dissonance among high level government leaders.
d. various bargaining games among bureaucratic players within the government.
D
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Why is grassroots/outside lobbying an effective political tactic?
a. Grassroots lobbying shapes public opinion, and elected officials are known to respond to public opinion. b. Interest groups rarely engage in grassroots lobbying, so when they use this tactic, elected officials take notice. c. Grassroots lobbyists collect and bundle together campaign contributions from multiple individuals. This results in one large campaign contribution and thus maximizes the impact of each contributor. - d. Grassroots lobbying depends on building personal connections with elected officials, who are more likely to listen to groups that they know and like.
Which of the following did the Obama administration increasingly emphasize in its counterterrorism and counterinsurgency strategies?
a. Prepositioning military equipment. b. Cyber-weapons. c. Nation-building. d. Special Operations Forces.