Interested groups that are not party to a particular case may submit ________ in order to influence the court's decision

Which of the following statements describes the theory of bolstering?

a. Policy makers will seek to reach a solution before all the available data have been assessed, due to the stressful nature of decision-making. b. Policy makers tend to exaggerate the extent to which their interests converge with those of their allies and the depth of hostility adversaries have to those same interests. c. Once a decision is made, policy makers later use that decision to lend additional support to their original argument. d. Decision-makers often search for familiar precedents in history that allow them to match new pieces of information against their stored memories.

What is the main effect the rise in advocacy groups in recent years has had on political parties and their candidates?

A. Political parties have had additional sources for campaign funds. B. It has made campaigns more manipulative and less honest. C. Advocacy groups have distorted issues and confused voters. D. It has pushed political parties into more ideological and partisan directions.