By what authority was the creation and existence of a U.S. national bank deemed legitimate?

In the U.S. political system, a vote for a minor party candidate is considered a wasted vote. What election reform would decrease the likelihood of a vote being wasted on an unelectable candidate?

a. runoff elections b. caucuses c. single-member districts d. Duverger's Law

Military regimes typically have a shorter life span than other authoritarian regimes because _____

a. they concentrate too much power at the very top b. military dictatorships tend to invite foreign aggression c military leaders are not generally capable of governing effectively d. they usually revolve around the popularity of a single individual who is easily criticized once in office