In Figure 32.1, at the supported price-quantity combination where production is limited, the variable cost to producers is 

Credential inflation results from

(a) a combination of cost-push inflation and demand-pull inflation. (b) rigidities in the industrial sector. (c) the need to select from among qualified applicants in the modern sector. (d) all of the above.

Can economic analysis precisely determine the proper levels of government spending and taxation? In your answer explain the problems in using cost-benefit analysis

Please provide the best answer for the statement.