When conducting research, psychologists test the __________ hypothesis

Quasi-experimental designs lack the controls of strong experimental designs

a. however, causal inferences can be made to the extent that rival hypotheses can be ruled out b. as such, causal inferences should never be made c. however, in most cases such deficiencies can be safely ignored d. thus, such studies should not be performed by ethical researchers

Which of the following is one aspect of the current U.S. electorate that would likely come as a surprise to the framers of the original U.S. Constitution?

a. White men can vote. b. Members of the Senate are elected directly by voters c. The Electoral College plays a role in the presidential election. d. An 18-year-old woman can vote.