Two-day-old Emily grasped on to her mother's finger when it was placed in her hand. This is an example of a learned behavior

Sophisticated neuroscientific tools such as the electroencephalogram, which measures electrical activity of the brain, and functional magnetic resonance imaging, which provides pictures of brain activity, have shown us that dreams

a) occur in REM sleep only. b) assist us in destroying painful memories. c) help us understand our experiences and control our emotions. d) are completely meaningless and useless.

College students faced with unsolvable problems eventually give up and make only half hearted attempts to solve new problems, even when the new problems can be solved easily. This behavior is probably due to __________

a) learned helplessness. b) contingency blocking. c) latent learning. d) response generalization.