Which of the following is a valid statement?

a. Excess reserves = total reserves minus required reserves.
b. Required reserves = the minimum reserves required by the Fed.
c. Required reserve ratio = required reserves as a percentage to total deposits.
d. All of these.

d

Economics

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How do the marginal and average products of labor affect a firm's marginal and average variable costs in the short run?

What will be an ideal response?

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In a perfectly competitive market,

A) firms can freely enter and exit. B) firms sell a differentiated product. C) transaction costs are high. D) All of the above.

Economics