Once conditioning has been acquired, presenting just the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus produces:

People are especially likely to use analogies effectively in problem solving

a. when they are well trained in means-ends analysis. b. when they have been trained to pay attention to structural similarities. c. when they are working on an ill-defined problem. d. when they are trying to solve a problem that is unrelated to other problems they have recently solved.

Research on linguistic relativity suggests that

a. Language has a complete control over how people categorize the world. b. Language can have some effects on categorization, but the effects are limited. c. Language has no effect on categorization. d. Researchers have not addressed this question.