A 15-year-old male has been involved in a swimming accident at a spot that is popular with local teenagers. The boy was reported to have jumped or dove from a rock outcropping into the river. He did not surface immediately and was pulled from the water a few minutes later about 25 yards downstream. The patient is unresponsive. His respiratory rate is 8/min. His heart rate is 120/min. His

extremities are cold. Management should include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a. opening of the airway with a jaw-thrust and stabilization of the cervical spine.
b. drying and wrapping in warm blankets.
c. assisted ventilations with a bag-valve mask and oxygen, followed by possible endotracheal intubation.
d. administration of sodium bicarbonate to correct acidosis.

d