Fred is afraid of spiders. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them. When he sees a picture of a spider, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids looking at the image, his panic goes away. Fred's avoidance of spiders is being __________________
a) extinguished, because he feels anxious after doing so
b) recovered spontaneously, because he will never get better
c) positively reinforced, because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down
d) negatively reinforced, because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down
ANS: D, The termination of a stimulus, in this case panic, is negative reinforcement.
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What two related concepts are the focus of attention by researchers interested in achievement?
a) motive to succeed, motive to avoid failure b) motive to modify failure, motive to look successful c) motive to be with others, motive to avoid loneliness d) motive to dominate, motive to control
Each of the following is described by your text as a benefit of psychology EXCEPT ______
a. self-understanding c. control skills b. critical thinking skills d. job skills