An organization in which all information comes from "corporate" and is disseminated among supervisors and then among the employees is using upward communication.

"Research" in the sense often found in American communication and other social-science journals, refers to researchers

a. Using library sources to develop an argument about some social phenomenon b. Collecting data from people or texts and analyzing it c. Offering their personal opinion on some topic of social importance d. Providing tables of statistics, with little extra explanation

How does the pitch letter differ from the news release?

a. It is printed and mailed to recipients. b. It is personalized to a specific media outlet and person. c. It supplements the news release. d. It provides all the details in one package.