One CANNOT reduce problems of ceiling and floor effects by
a. avoiding the use of tasks that are too easy.
b. avoiding the use of tasks that are too difficult.
c. testing pilot participants to make sure that performance on a task will not be near the extremes of the scale.
d. making sure that pilot participants get nearly perfect scores when they are not being subjected to the experimental manipulation.
D
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Explicit attitudes are held __________, while implicit attitudes are held __________
a. internally; externally b. unconsciously; consciously c. externally; internally d. consciously; unconsciously
Marion and her husband Bill are trying to bring up their children, a boy and a girl ages 4 and 5 respectively
in exactly the same way: encouraging their son to demonstrate both assertiveness as well as tenderness, and encouraging their daughter to exhibit both independence and empathy. According to the researcher Sandra Bem, these parents are encouraging their children toward a) gender constancy. b) gender schema. c) androgynous characteristics. d) gender identification.