The value of a goal above and beyond its ability to fill a need is known as its __________ value

One of the weaknesses of the problem-focused theory of dreaming is that:

a. there is no reliable way to determine latent meanings. b. some theorists are skeptical about the ability to resolve ongoing concerns during sleep. c. the theory doesn't explain non-REM dreams. d. the theory says more about REM sleep than about dreaming.

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival, but at first pay scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers

However, after just a few firecrackers have been exploded, some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the unconditioned response? a. the person lighting the firecrackers b. the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers c. the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers d. the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode