Which of the following refers to the tendency for individuals to underestimate the commonality of desirable traits and to overestimate their uniqueness?

In reference to Case Study 9 on page 133 of your text, how could the researchers

have designed the study differently, to avoid putting the participants of the study in a real-life mock crime scenario, which involved a perpetrator and a gun? A) They could have read the participants a description of a convict who had recently committed a crime, asking them questions about the person's personality B) They could have paid an ex-convict to rob a gas station, video taped the robbery, and then asked the clerk of the store questions, while posing as police officers C) They could have shown the participants a video of a mock crime scenario, asking them questions about aspects of the crime they just witnessed after they have viewed the video D) They could have had a research assistant, who the participants had never seen before, pull a gun on the participants, and then asked them questions about the scenario

A psychologist manipulates the type of instructions participants are given when performing a task

One group of participants is told their performance on a task is affected only by chance, whereas a second group of participants is told their performance on the task relates to their ability levels. The research method used by this psychologist is called ______ . a. experimentation b. naturalistic observation c. quasi-experimentation d. archival records research