Which model of democracy best reflects the ideal of majoritarian democracy?

In the South after Reconstruction, what did the Democratic Party use to prevent African Americans from having a meaningful impact on the outcome of elections?

a. Jim Crow laws b. whites-only primaries c. majority-minority districts d. de facto segregation

Despite being based on selfish motives, political patronage under President Jackson had the positive impact of

a. creating a more extensive network for deliberation. b. creating an army of workers who engaged their fellow citizens in public life. c. giving more people a voice in choosing a presidential nominee. d. isolating political deliberation to those who best understood the issues. e. keeping the public from having to take time away from their own work to engage in public life.