A legal claim against a firm that usually entitles the owner of the claim to receive a fixed annual coupon payment, plus a lump-sum payment at some future date, is known as

Which of these is not assumed to be constant along a short-run aggregate supply curve?

a. The actual price level b. The state of technology c. The size and quality of the labor force d. The expected price level e. The size and quality of the capital stock

When the required reserve ratio is lowered,

a. the money multiplier increases, and the amount of excess reserves increases in the banking system. b. the money multiplier decreases, and the amount of excess reserves increases in the banking system. c. the money multiplier decreases, and the amount of excess reserves decreases in the banking system. d. the money multiplier increases, and the amount of excess reserves decreases in the banking system. e. there is no change in either the money multiplier or the amount of excess reserves in the banking system.