Kenny hates working on school projects in groups, because he has noticed that most group members don't try as hard as they would if they were working alone. Kenny has noticed the phenomenon of
A) group think.
B) laissez-faire leadership.
C) social loafing.
D) leadership emergence.
Answer: C
Rationale: Social loafing is particularly detrimental to group success: It occurs when some group members produce less effort on a team than they do alone.
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You are asked to compare Ellis's rational-emotive therapy (RET) and Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy. After comparing the two you note that one difference is that the therapist in RET is likely to
a. use operant conditioning techniques. b. require the client to keep a dream log. c. directly challenge the rationality of the client's beliefs. d. accept the client's irrationality.
An important distinction between classical and operant conditioning is that:
a. classical conditioning involves voluntary responding, while operant conditioning involves involuntary responding. b. classical conditioning involves reinforcement, while operant conditioning involves punishment. c. classical conditioning involves cognitive learning, while operant conditioning involves associative learning. d. responding does not affect the presentation of stimuli in classical conditioning, but in operant conditioning responding has consequences.