Pseudosciences often make use of observation as a research strategy, however, unlike true science, pseudoscientific observation is typically

Children raised in Russian orphanages (versus those raised by their biological parents) showed chemical alterations that affected the expression of genes responsible for brain development and function. This example best illustrates __________

a. epigenetics b. genetics c. non-shared environment d. abuse

Virginia smoked heavily throughout her pregnancy. Her husband is very worried about this because of the possible effects on his unborn child. Which of his concerns is most likely to occur?

a. The child's low birth weight b. Missing limbs c. Visual impairment d. Ambiguous genitals