Which of the following processes can stress accelerate?

Four-year-old Jonas is a very curious little boy who is always taking things apart. His mother has just found him in her bedroom attempting to unscrew the back of her alarm clock. According to Erikson, a spanking will probably lead Jonas to feel

a) mistrustful. b) confused. c) guilty. d) stagnant.

According to Erikson, which stage results in a sense of independence because of one's ability to control their own actions?

a. trust versus mistrust b. autonomy versus shame and doubt c. initiative versus guilt d. generativity versus stagnation