The effectiveness of mass media is limited by the
A. sensitizing of the public to critical issues.
B. confusion created by a number of messages.
C. lack of a specific direction.
D. all of the above
D.
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According to the authors, a major dispute arose within the Obama White House that
A. Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel was too timid as a bureaucratic leader. B. Obama regularly ignored the advice of his Council of Economic Advisers. C. Obama overly relied on the competitive management style. D. top female staffers felt marginalized by more influential male staffers. E. Obama was temperamental and hostile toward aides who brought him bad news.
All of the following statements about political appointees are true EXCEPT
A. they have been called the "aristocracy" of the federal government. B. they are sometimes appointed as a reward for campaign contributions or other political favors. C. they will probably occupy their position for a brief time compared to career civil servants. D. career civil servants sometimes ignore their wishes. E. their major source of authority is the ease with which they can fire civil servants.