A 27-year-old male patient has been found apneic behind a nightclub. Bystanders suggest that the patient has overdosed on heroin. You are attempting to initially ventilate the patient's lungs using a bag-mask device, but the patient's color fails to improve and there is difficulty squeezing the bag. A common reason for this includes:
a. Failure to properly tilt the head and lift the chin
b. Forcing the tongue into the throat with high-pressure breathing
c. Overly squeezing the bag and forcing too much air into the patient
d. Pressing too tightly with the bag-mask device on the patient's face
Answer: a. Failure to properly tilt the head and lift the chin
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