Memories emerge most efficiently when the context of retrieval matches the context of encoding. This is known as
a. the levels-of-processing effect.
b. encoding specificity.
c. the serial position effect.
d. contextual distinctiveness.
Answer: b. encoding specificity.
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In Milgram's studies, "learners" who made errors were punished with ______
a. emotional deprivation c. electric shocks b. public humiliation d. verbal insults
Fred, Ted, Barry, and Larry are research participants who were individually exposed to the bona fide pipeline procedure. After seeing a picture of a Hispanic face, each was shown the word "bad."
The number of seconds it takes for Fred, Ted, Barry, and Larry to respond to the word "bad" is 5.2, 3.8, 2.1, and 4.4, respectively. On the basis of this information, which of these individuals MOST likely holds the greatest amount of negative attitudes towards Hispanics? A) Ted B) Larry C) Fred D) Barry E) All are equally prejudiced.