Suppose there is a single market maker in this market. What is the optimal bid-ask spread?

If a change in government spending causes "crowding in" in an open economy, which of the following might increase in addition to consumption and investment?

A) unemployment B) net exports C) supply and demand D) stock of capital

Given the following information about Gotham Bank:

Bank Deposits $50,000 Loans 34,000 Reserves 12,000 Reserve Requirement 20 percent Gotham Bank is holding ________ in excess reserves. A) $22,000 B) $12,000 C) $2,000 D) -$2,000