What explains the appreciation of the Japanese yen relative to the U.S. dollar from 1970 to the early 1990s?
A) High tariffs and restrictive quotas in the United States caused the value of the dollar to decline.
B) Japanese productivity rose faster than U.S. productivity.
C) U.S. consumers reduced their preferences for Japanese goods.
D) Japanese inflation rose faster than U.S. inflation.
B
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If a product is narrowly defined, it is likely to
A) have many substitutes and therefore its demand is elastic. B) have few substitutes, and therefore its demand is less elastic. C) be unique, and therefore its demand is inelastic. D) be unique and have many substitutes. E) have a larger proportion of income spent on it.
A period of expansion in the business cycle ends when
A) the business cycle reaches its peak. B) the business cycle reaches its trough. C) real GDP is less than potential GDP. D) real GDP is equal to potential GDP.