Describe the main characteristics of the aristocratic style in European literature, music, and visual arts
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The aristocratic style emerged in France, as Louis XIV became Europe's most powerful leader, moving the center of artistic patronage and productivity from Italy to France. As Louis cultivated the arts as an adjunct to majesty, French culture in all its forms—from art and architecture to fashions and fine cuisine—came to dominate European tastes. The aristocratic style emphasized luxury, ornamentation, and wealth.
These traits manifested in all artistic mediums. Aristocratic portraits featured polished elegance and poise, and were concerned primarily with outward appearance. Paintings featured a combination of fluid composition and naturalistic detail, with shimmering vitality of brushwork. Aristocratic music, as exemplified in Jean-Baptiste Lully's operas, featured pomp and splendor, clarity, and the formal correctness befitting the elite. Literature, too, exhibited qualities of refinement, good taste, and the concentrated presentation of ideas. French writers wrote in a language that was clear, polished, and precise.
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This composer was active between 1898 and 1917, but considering the art of composition a private matter, his/her
works were rarely performed. Word of these unusual creations—s/he was the first to employ polytonality extensively— gradually spread in the 1930s and he/she was awarded a Pulitzer Prize in music for a symphony that had been composed forty years earlier.
a. Copland b. Ives c. Schoenberg d. Barber e. Varèse
After the Second World War was over, composers picked up where they had left off, and neoclassicism once again reigned as the ruling musical style
A) true B) false