The Obama administration's initial foreign policy approach of a "strategy of engagement" included all of the following principle goals except

a. to achieve and maintain security for United States, allies, and partners.
b. an assumption of cooperation required in relations with other countries as they were either with us or with the terrorists.
c. to rebuild and strengthen the American economy through an open international system.
d. active promotion of universal values abroad.
e. to work towards an international order that encourages collective action to confront common problems.

B