Most libel plaintiffs must bear the burden of proving any allegedly defamatory statement to be false; the defendant usually does not have the burden of proving the statement true. This principle was strengthened by a 1986 Supreme Court decision that said all states must place the burden of proof on the plaintiff, at least in cases involving issues of public concern. The case:

a) Keeton v. Hustler; b) Bose v. Consumers Union; c) Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps;

d) Anderson v. Liberty Lobby; e) Dun & Bradstreet v. Greenmoss Builders.

C