Suppose Sam's rich uncle invests $10,000 in XYZ Widgets stock for him. Sam
subsequently knows a great deal about the stock from listening to his uncle.
Jill, not
having a rich uncle, has saved for a long time, and learned a lot about XYZ Widgets
stock by studying the stock market. She invests $10,000 in XYZ Widgets stock. Jill and
Sam are equally knowledgeable and equally wealthy. According to the theory of
cognitive dissonance who is likely to value the stock more highly?
(a) Sam, because it was a gift and he could spend his money on other things
(b) Sam, because of insufficient justification
(c) Jill, because of justification of effort
(d) Jill, because of insufficient justification
(e) dissonance theory does not make a prediction in this case
C
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How does experimental neurosis differ from learned helplessness?
a) Experimental neurosis involves exposure to small adversities that can be overcome initially, whereas learned helplessness involves exposure to large adversities that cannot be overcome b) Experimental neurosis involves infrequent and unpredictable exposure to aversive events, whereas learned helplessness involves repeated exposure to events that are predictable but uncontrollable c) Experimental neurosis involves frequent exposure to major stimuli that will be unpredictably positive or negative, whereas learned helplessness involves sudden extinction of reinforcements desirable behaviors d) Experimental neurosis involves exposure to positive stimuli that is predictable and frequent, whereas learned helplessness involves infrequent and unpredictable exposure to negative stimuli
You are designing a new course on "How to be a good psychological detective." In order to understand any event, you tell your students that they first must be able to answer which of these questions?
a) What occurred? b) How is the law of parsimony operating? c) What psychological principle is operating? d) How does the event differ from folk wisdom?