Describe how both top-down and bottom-up planning work and the situations where one approach is superior to the other
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Top-down planning is an approach to S&OP where a single, aggregated sales forecast drives the planning process. This aggregate sales forecast is translated into resource requirements, effectively moving from sales figures to labor and machine hours and amounts of raw materials, purchased parts or subassemblies. Finally, alternative production plans are generated and compared to see which is best. For top-down planning to work, the mix of products or services must be essentially the same from one time period to the next, or the products or services to be provided must have very similar resource requirements.
Bottom-up planning is an approach to S&OP that is used when the product or service mix is unstable and resource requirements vary greatly across the offerings. Under these conditions, managers will estimate the requirements for each set of products or services separately, translating sales figures into resource requirements just as is done in top-down planning, and then add them up to get an overall picture of the resource requirements.
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Rawls's social justice theory includes which of the following?
A) The consultation of an outside source, such as a book or person, for guidance B) A set of universal rules based on reasoning which must be applied in all situations and are characterized by reversibility C) The belief that the moral rules should be determined by persons who have a "veil of ignorance" about their place or station in society D) The belief that a person must decide what course of action is proper based on that person's own set of beliefs or feelings E) Determining which course of action produces the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people
The alliance resulting from a network is less formal than the alliance resulting from a contract
Indicate whether the statement is true or false