What is an event or stimulus that makes the behavior it follows more likely to occur in the future?

Which of the following is true about the relationship between media violence and aggression?

A) Watching media violence definitely causes children to become more aggressive. B) Watching media violence is positively correlated with aggression, but it is difficult to establish a cause-and-effect relationship. C) Media violence and aggression are unrelated. D) Having an aggressive temperament actually causes children to watch more violent media.

As a child, Ivan threw temper tantrums and was openly rebellious. As an adult, he is messy, unorganized, sloppy, and destructive. In Freud's view, he is fixated in the ______ stage

a. anal c. genital b. oral d. phallic