A leftward shift of a supply curve is called a(n)

Which statement about the total variable cost curve is true?

a. It begins at the origin and increases before decreasing again. b. The total variable cost curve is the same at all levels of output. c. The total variable cost curve is increasing but at a decreasing rate. d. It begins at the origin and is always increasing. e. There is no such thing as a total variable cost curve.

The central bank of Rudisia purchases government bonds by using the money that commercial banks keep as deposits with the central bank. It pays an interest of 2 percent on the deposits and charges the commercial banks about 2.5 percent per check for processing checks. It sends back the extra money to the government treasury. Therefore, it can be said that: a. the central bank of the country is

financially self-supporting. b. the central bank of the country acts as the treasurer of the government. c. the central bank of the country acts as the lender of the last resort of the government. d. the central bank of the country ensures that the deposits of customers are insured.