A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when:
A. ventilation is inadequate due to a traumatic injury or medical condition, which results in an impairment in pulmonary gas exchange.
B. a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen.
C. ventilation is compromised, resulting in the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, alveoli, and the tissues and cells of the body.
D. a traumatic injury or medical condition impairs the body's ability to effectively bring oxygen into the lungs and remove carbon dioxide from the body.
Answer: B. a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen.
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You and a fellow patroller respond to a snowboard injury in a 12-year-old boy who fell on his outstretched arm. His left wrist is swollen and ecchymotic. A radial pulse is readily palpated, and the skin on the hand is warm to the touch. Which of the following instructions to your partner indicates that you have a proper understanding of the care for this patient's arm?
a. "After we splint his wrist, we will need to apply a sling and swathe to prevent further movement." b. "When you splint that arm, make sure that it is somewhat loose so the patient can move it if he becomes uncomfortable." c. "Make sure to wrap that splint as tightly as you can; we need a lot of pressure to prevent additional swelling." d. "Since he still has a pulse in the arm, the swelling must be from a muscle injury. We can forego the splint and just apply ice packs."
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