Jim is haggling with a car dealer on the price of a used car. During the bargaining, Jim discovers that the car has a significant number of scratches which he had not noticed before. The total surplus from the sale has

The general rule to increase profits when two close substitute brands are jointly owned is

a. Increase prices for both brands b. Decrease prices for both brands c. Increase prices on one brand, decreasing it for the other d. Increase prices on one brand, keeping the prices of the second brand constant

Carl and Carly are American residents. Carl buys stock of a corporation in Austria. Carly opens a coffee shop in Austria. Whose purchase, by itself, decreases Austria's net capital outflow?

a. Carl's b. Carly's c. both Carl's and Carly's d. neither Carl's nor Carly's