A longitudinal design is used to study changes across the life span by observing the same participants at different points in time.

The imaginary audience includes not only an adolescent's personal experiences but also

some aspect of their invincibility fable. their perceptions about their own egocentrism. their own sense of how their actions affect others. their perceived experiences of other people's imaginary audiences.

Judging someone to be intelligent mostly because he wears eyeglasses would be an example of a mistaken impression due to

a. assumed similarity b. false cues c. reputation d. stereotype