Why is it that people in online computer gaming forums or Internet chatrooms may be more likely to speak in aggressive or derogatory manners to other users, compared to the interaction styles they might use when communicating face-to-face?
a) because everyone else in the room usually does that and they are yielding to the effects of normative conformity
b) because they usually know how to sever their connection before they can be identified by the person that they are insulting
c) because they know that people playing the same games or frequenting the same forums will understand that they are just kidding
d) because they experience the deindividuation that is afforded by anonymity
ANS: D, Anonymity and an abdication of personal responsibility have been cited as underlying components of deindividuation, and this can be seen in the way people behave online when they do not feel responsible for their own actions or words.
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Freud believed that ______ is necessary and desirable for personality development and for culture and civilization
a. displacement c. sublimation b. denial d. intellectualization
If Shayla's scholastic achievement is related to her IQ, how do some researchers explain this correlation?
A) IQ and achievement depend on the same abstract reasoning processes that underlie g. B) The culturally specific information that predicts scholastic achievement is dependent on IQ. C) Achievement is more closely related to fluid intelligence, whereas IQ is a closer measure of crystallized intelligence. D) Shayla's scholastic achievements seem to be relatively unrelated to her experiences.