After removal of an oral endotracheal tube, a patient exhibits hoarseness and stridor that do not resolve with racemic epinephrine treatments. What is most likely the problem?
a. Vocal cord paralysis
b. Tracheoesophageal fistula
c. Glottic edema or cord inflammation
d. Tracheomalacia
ANS: A
Vocal cord paralysis is likely in extubated patients with hoarseness and stridor that does not re-solve with treatment or time.
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