All of the following circumstances likely contributed to Vienna's rise as a center of musical style during the Classical period, with the exception of:

a. an unusually high percentage of aristocrats resided in Vienna who had thefinancial means and artistic interest to offer patronage to musicians

b. the industrial revolution brought a great deal of wealth to the city's middleclass, who sought to emulate the lifestyle of the aristocracy.
c. the city was a center of transportation which made it a melting pot of culture.
d. as the capital of the old Holy Roman Empire it was an administrative centerfor a large part of Europe.

b