In City of Richmond v. Croson Company (1989) the Supreme Court
a. broadened the scope of federal affirmative action programs in the awarding of construction contracts.
b. declared state affirmative action programs in the area of professional school admissions unconstitutional.
c. held that the issue of affirmative action in the field of private employment presents a political question beyond the scope of judicial review.
d. placed significant limitations on nonfederal affirmative action programs in the awarding of government contracts.
D
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What are civil rights? What are natural rights? How are both sets of rights protected by the Constitution, either explicitly or implicitly?
Answer:
In__________, the Court ruled that "religious test for public office unconstitutionally invades the appellant's freedom of belief and religion and therefore cannot be enforced against him."
a. Cantwell v. Connecticut (1940) b. Torcaso v. Watkins (1961) c. McDaniel v. Paty (1978) d. Ex Parte Milligan (1866)