Escape learning is a type of learning in which
a. an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others' behavior.
b. an organism engages in a response that brings aversive stimulation to an end.
c. a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to elicit a response that was originally elicited by another stimulus.
d. an organism engages in a response that prevents aversive stimulation from occurring.
B
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Psychiatrist Thomas Szasz argues that mental illness
a. is a serious form of illness that cannot be cured. b. is underdiagnosed. c. should lead to hospitalization. d. is actually caused by physical factors. e. is a myth.
Developmental advances in memory are one factor leading to the emergence of cautiousness with new people, referred to as ________________________
Fill in the blank with correct word.